乳腺癌細胞吞噬了血液中膳食脂肪顆粒的“免費午餐” Breast cancer cells swallow a ‘free lunch’ of dietary fat particles from the bloodstream

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Breast cancer cells swallow a ‘free lunch’ of dietary fat particles from the bloodstream

Scientists at Dartmouth’s Norris Cotton Cancer Center make a direct connection between dietary fat and cancer cell biology by showing that fat particles from the blood are taken into breast cancer cells through a novel mechanism

DARTMOUTH-HITCHCOCK MEDICAL CENTER

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IMAGE: LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE FACILITATES BINDING OF VERY LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN PARTICLES (RED) TO BREAST CANCER CELLS (BLUE CELL NUCLEI). view more 

CREDIT: WILLIAM KINLAW, III, MD

LEBANON, NH – High-fat diets and obesity have been shown to increase the risk of breast cancer and worsen outcomes and prognosis of breast cancer patients. A team of researchers from Dartmouth and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Norris Cotton Cancer Center led by William Kinlaw III, MD, sought to understand how fat from the diet might influence breast cancer cells. In their new study, they found that in addition to making new fat to fuel proliferation, breast cancer cells can take up large quantities of fat derived from the lipid-rich particles that circulate in the bloodstream. The particles bind to the breast cancer cell surface and are then taken into the cell by a novel mechanism not previously described in cancer cells. This uptake provides a large supply of fat that drives proliferation of the cancer cells. Their findings, “Endocytosis of very low-density lipoproteins: an unexpected mechanism for lipid acquisition by breast cancer cells” is newly in press at the Journal of Lipid Research.

“We previously showed that fatty particles in the bloodstream may augment the growth of breast cancer cells,” says Kinlaw. “Our new work demonstrates that breast cancer cells can engulf large amounts of preformed fat from the blood using an unexpected mechanism of fat particle uptake called ‘endocytosis of lipoproteins’.” The uptake results in metabolic reprogramming of the cells to take advantage of this “free lunch” and reveals a direct connection between dietary fat and cancer cell biology.

The literature has also largely focused on manufacture of new fat by cancer cells as a therapeutic target. Many academic- and pharma-based efforts are underway to target the synthesis of new fat by cancer cells. Kinlaw’s work shows that “breast cancer cells can evade being killed by drugs that inhibit fat synthesis by simply taking up more exogenous fat particles,” he explains. The team’s next publication will detail the impact of high fat diets on breast cancer biology in vivo, using mouse models.

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William Kinlaw, III, MD, is Active Emeritus Professor of Medicine at Dartmouth’s Geisel School of Medicine, and member of the Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Research Program at Dartmouth’s Norris Cotton Cancer Center. His research focuses on understanding the peculiar metabolic needs of tumors, and how they adjust to them, with an eye toward exploiting tumor metabolism in the clinic. Recent insights relate to the regulation of lipid synthesis in tumors and the ability to target it in preclinical systems and clinical trials.

About Norris Cotton Cancer Center at Dartmouth-Hitchcock

Norris Cotton Cancer Center combines advanced cancer research at Dartmouth’s Geisel School of Medicine with patient-centered cancer care provided at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center in Lebanon, NH, at Dartmouth-Hitchcock regional locations in Manchester, Nashua and Keene, NH, and Bennington and St. Johnsbury, VT, and at partner hospitals throughout New Hampshire and Vermont. It is one of 51 centers nationwide to earn the National Cancer Institute’s “Comprehensive Cancer Center” designation. Learn more about Norris Cotton Cancer Center research, programs, and clinical trials online at cancer.dartmouth.edu.

乳腺癌細胞吞噬了血液中膳食脂肪顆粒的“免費午餐”

新罕布什爾州黎巴嫩-高脂飲食和肥胖症會增加患乳腺癌的風險,並惡化乳腺癌患者的預後和預後。由達特茅斯和達特茅斯-希區柯克諾里斯棉花癌症中心的研究人員組成的團隊由醫學博士William Kinlaw III領導,試圖了解飲食中的脂肪如何影響乳腺癌細胞。在他們的新研究中,他們發現,除了製造新的脂肪以促進增殖外,乳腺癌細胞還可以吸收大量的脂肪,這些脂肪來自血液中循環的富含脂質的顆粒。所述顆粒結合至乳腺癌細胞表面,然後通過先前未在癌細胞中描述的新機制被帶入細胞。這種攝取提供了驅動癌細胞增殖的大量脂肪。他們的發現“極低密度脂蛋白的內吞作用:乳腺癌細胞獲取脂質的出乎意料的機制”在《脂質研究》雜誌上嶄露頭角。

Kinlaw說:“我們先前證明血液中的脂肪顆粒可能會促進乳腺癌細胞的生長。” “我們的新工作表明,乳腺癌細胞可以利用一種稱為“脂蛋白的內吞作用”的意外脂肪攝取機制,將血液中的大量預製脂肪吞沒。”攝取導致細胞代謝重編程以利用這種“免費午餐”,並揭示出飲食脂肪與癌細胞生物學之間的直接聯繫。

文獻還主要集中於通過癌細胞製造新的脂肪作為治療靶標。許多基於學術和製藥的工作正在針對以癌細胞合成新脂肪為目標。金勞的工作表明,“乳腺癌細胞可以逃避被僅僅吸收更多外源性脂肪顆粒而抑制脂肪合成的藥物殺死”,他解釋說。該小組的下一份出版物將使用小鼠模型詳細介紹高脂飲食對體內乳腺癌生物學的影響。

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