Microcystin and primary liver cancer | 微囊藻毒素与原发性肝癌

Microcystin and primary liver cancer

The epidemiological survey results of the high incidence of primary liver cancer (PLC) in Haimen City, Jiangsu Province, China, and Fusui County, Guangxi Province showed that primary liver cancer is closely related to the occurrence of drinking water pond ditch water. Japanese scientists and Chinese scientists conducted a study on a naturally occurring toxic peptide produced by algae. The aim was to elucidate whether microcystin (MC), a hepatotoxic peptide produced by bloom algae, contaminates drinking water in areas endemic for liver cancer in China. A highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with a detection limit of 50 pg/ml was used to measure toxin levels. Three drinking water surveys were conducted from 1993 to 1994.

1135 samples were collected from different sources such as ponds, ditches, rivers, shallow wells and deep wells in Haimen City. The first survey in September 1993 found that 3 of 14 ditch water samples were positive for microcystins, with toxin levels ranging from 90-460 pg/ml. Several toxic algae such as Oscillatoria agardhii were also present in some ditches. In the second experiment, samples were collected from 5 ponds/ditches, 2 rivers, 2 shallow wells and 2 deep wells throughout 1994. These data showed that microcystins were highest from June to September, ranging from 62-296 pg/mL. A third test of 989 different water samples collected from different types of water sources in July 1994 showed that 17% of pond/ditch water, 32% of river water and 4% of shallow well water were positive for microcystins, with an average of 101, 160 and 68 pg/ml. Microcystins were not detected in deep well water.

A similar survey of 26 drinking water samples in Fusui, Guangxi showed a higher frequency of MC contamination in pond/river water, and no microcystins in shallow and deep wells. These data support the hypothesis that the cyanocyanin algae toxin microcystin in drinking water from both ponds/ditches and rivers is one of the risk factors for the high incidence of primary liver cancer in China. Based on the previous epidemiological findings of primary liver cancer and the existing results of extensive screening of microcystins in drinking water, the recommended level of microcystins in drinking water is reduced to less than 10 pg/liter. This research report discusses the combined role of summer liver cancer carcinogen aflatoxin B1 and intermittent intake of microcystins in drinking water as the etiology of primary liver cancer.

The study was published in the journal Carcinogenesis in 1996.

Ingestion of aflatoxin B1 and chronic liver virus infection is known to increase the risk of liver cancer. The study showed that microcystins may also be a risk factor for liver cancer. It may also be a risk factor for liver cancer. The toxic peptide microcystins can be removed using a drinking water filter. For people with hepatitis virus infection, they need to reduce contact with bodily fluids and practice good personal hygiene. For those infected with the hepatitis virus, they need to follow a healthy diet to minimize the damage caused by the virus. Moldy foods such as moldy peanuts and corn can contain aflatoxins. So don’t eat moldy grains. (David Liu)

微囊藻毒素与原发性肝癌

中国江苏省海门市，和广西扶绥县原发性肝癌（PLC）发病率高的流行病学调查结果显示，原发性肝癌与饮用水池塘沟水的发生密切相关。日本科学家和中国科学家进行了一项由藻类生产的天然存在的毒性肽的研究。目的是阐明微囊藻毒素（MC）是水华藻类产生的肝毒性肽是否污染了中国肝癌流行地区的饮用水。检测限为50 pg / ml的高度灵敏的酶联免疫吸附试验用于测量毒素水平。 1993年至1994年进行了三次饮用水调查。

从海门市的池塘，沟渠，河流，浅井和深井等不同来源1135个收集样品。 1993年9月的第一次调查发现，14个沟渠水样中有3个为微囊藻毒素阳性，毒素水平范围为90-460 pg / ml。在一些沟渠中也存在若干有毒藻类，例如阿斯卡氏菌（Oscillatoria agardhii）。在第二次试验中，1994年全年从5个水塘/沟渠，2条河流，2口浅井和2口深井采集样本。这些数据显示，6月至9月，微囊藻毒素最高，范围为62-296 pg/毫升。 1994年7月从不同类型水源收集的989个不同水样的第三次试验显示，17％的池塘/沟渠水，32％的河水和4％的浅井水为微囊藻毒素阳性，平均分别为101,160和68 pg / ml。在深井水中未检测到微囊藻毒素。

广西扶绥26个饮用水样本的类似调查显示，池塘/河沟河水中MC的污染频率较高，浅井和深井没有微囊藻毒素。这些数据支持了一个假设，即池塘/沟渠和河流饮用水中的青绿色藻毒素微囊藻毒素都是中国原发性肝癌发生率高的危险因素之一。根据以前对原发性肝癌流行病学调查结果和饮用水中微囊藻毒素的大量筛选的现有结果，饮用水中微囊藻毒素的推荐的水平降低到10 pg/升以下。本研究报告讨论了夏季肝癌致癌物黄曲霉毒素B1和饮用水间歇摄入微囊藻毒素作为原发性肝癌的病因的综合作用。

该研究于1996年发表在癌变期刊上。

众所周知，黄曲霉毒素B1和慢性肝病毒感染的摄入可以增加肝癌的风险。该研究显示微囊藻毒素也可能是肝癌的危险因素。也可能是肝癌的危险因素。 可以使用饮用水过滤器除去毒性肽微囊藻毒素。  对于肝炎病毒感染的人们, 他们需要减少体液接触并实践良好的个人卫生习惯。 对于那些感染了肝炎病毒的人，他们需要遵循健康的饮食习惯，尽量减少病毒造成的损害。 长了霉的食物如长了霉花生，玉米等可以包含黄曲霉毒素。 所以不要吃长了霉谷物类食物。（刘大卫）