冠状病毒在表面持续存在多长时间以及如何使其灭活 How long coronaviruses persist on surfaces and how to inactivate them

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News Release 7-Feb-2020

Ruhr-University Bochum

The novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV is making headlines worldwide. Since there is no specific therapy against it, the prevention of infection is of particular importance in order to stem the epidemic. Like all droplet infections, the virus can spread via hands and surfaces that are frequently touched. “In hospitals, these can be door handles, for example, but also call buttons, bedside tables, bed frames and other objects in the direct vicinity of patients, which are often made of metal or plastic,” explains Professor Günter Kampf from the Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine at the Greifswald University Hospital.

Together with Professor Eike Steinmann, head of the Department for Molecular and Medical Virology at Ruhr-Universität Bochum (RUB), he has compiled comprehensive findings from 22 studies on coronaviruses and their inactivation for a future textbook. “Under the circumstances, the best approach was to publish these verified scientific facts in advance, in order to make all information available at a glance,” says Eike Steinmann.Infectious on surfaces for up to nine days

The evaluated studies, which focus on the pathogens Sars coronavirus and Mers coronavirus, showed, for example, that the viruses can persist on surfaces and remain infectious at room temperature for up to nine days. On average, they survive between four and five days. “Low temperature and high air humidity further increase their lifespan,” points out Kampf.

Tests with various disinfection solutions showed that agents based on ethanol, hydrogen peroxide or sodium hypochlorite are effective against coronaviruses. If these agents are applied in appropriate concentrations, they reduce the number of infectious coronaviruses by four so-called log steps within one minute: this means, for example, from one million to only 100 pathogenic particles. If preparations based on other active ingredients are used, the product should be proven to be at least effective against enveloped viruses (“limited virucidal activity”). “As a rule, this is sufficient to significantly reduce the risk of infection,” explains Günter Kampf.

Findings should be transferable to 2019-CoV

The experts assume that the results from the analyses of other coronaviruses are transferable to the novel virus. “Different coronaviruses were analysed, and the results were all similar,” concludes Eike Steinmann.

新型冠状病毒2019-nCoV在世界范围内成为头条新闻。由于没有针对它的特定疗法,因此对于阻止流行病的预防尤其重要。像所有飞沫感染一样,病毒可以通过经常触摸的手和表面传播。该研究所的GünterKampf教授解释说:“例如,在医院中,它们既可以是门把手,也可以是患者附近的呼叫按钮,床头柜,床架和其他物体,它们通常是金属或塑料制成的。”格赖夫斯瓦尔德大学医院卫生与环境医学系。
他与波鸿鲁尔大学分子与医学病毒学系主任Eike Steinmann教授一起,汇集了22篇关于冠状病毒及其灭活的研究的综合发现,以作为未来的教科书。 Eike Steinmann说:“在这种情况下,最好的方法是提前发布这些经过验证的科学事实,以使所有信息一目了然。”

评估的研究集中于病原体Sars冠状病毒和Mers冠状病毒,例如,这些病毒可以在表面上持久存在,并且在室温下可保持长达9天的传染性。平均而言,它们可以存活四到五天。坎普夫指出:“低温和高空气湿度进一步延长了它们的使用寿命。”
用各种消毒液进行的测试表明,基于乙醇,过氧化氢或次氯酸钠的药剂对冠状病毒有效。如果以适当的浓度使用这些药物,它们在一分钟内可以通过四个所谓的对数步骤减少感染性冠状病毒的数量:例如,这意味着从一百万个致病颗粒到仅一百个致病颗粒。如果使用基于其他活性成分的制剂,则应证明该产品至少对包膜病毒有效(“有限的杀病毒活性”)。 “通常,这足以显着降低感染的风险,”GünterKampf解释说。
研究结果应可转移至2019-CoV
专家认为,其他冠状病毒分析的结果可以转移到新病毒中。 “分析了不同的冠状病毒,结果都相似,” Eike Steinmann总结道。

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