父母的飲食會影響精子和後代的健康 Parental diet affects sperm and health of future offspring

中文版谷歌中文翻譯(90% 準確率) | English translation
Buy/Sell Your Domains Here。在這裡購買/出售您的域名
Contact Dr. Lu for information about cancer treatments。聯繫盧博士,獲取有關癌症治療資訊。

News Release 19-Mar-2020

RIKEN

When parents eat low-protein or high-fat diets it can lead to metabolic disorders in their adult offspring. Now, an international team led by researchers at the RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR) have identified a key player and the molecular events underlying this phenomenon in mice.

The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease is a school of thought that focuses on how prenatal factors such as stress and diet impact the development of diseases when children reach adulthood. Experimental evidence indicates that environmental factors that affect parents do play a role in reprogramming the health of their offspring throughout their lifespan. In particular, parental low-protein diets are known to be related to metabolic disorders in their children, such as diabetes.

This phenomenon is thought to be regulated through epigenetics–heritable changes in which genes are turned on and off without actually changing an individual’s DNA. However, until now, the details of this process were unknown. In their study published in Molecular Cell, a team led by Keisuke Yoshida and Shunsuke Ishii at RIKEN CPR tackled this question in a mouse model and discovered that a protein called ATF7 is essential for the intergenerational effect. ATF7 is a transcription factor, meaning that it regulates when genes are turned on and off.

The researchers fed male and female mice on normal diets or low protein diets and then allowed them to mate. They compared gene expression–which genes were turned on–in adult offspring of male mice who had been on the two different diets and found that expression differed for hundreds of genes in the liver, many of which are involved in cholesterol metabolism. However, when they used genetically engineered male mice that lacked one copy of the ATF7 gene, gene expression in the offspring did not differ from the expression in offspring whose parents ate normal diets.

This result means that a male mouse’s diet can influence the health of future children. As male mice cannot affect offspring in pregnant females, the researchers concluded that the most likely scenario was that the epigenetic changes occurred in the male’s sperm before conception, and that ATF7 has a critical function in this process.

Based on this logic, the team searched for and found genes in sperm cells that are controlled by ATF7, including those for fat metabolism in the liver and cholesterol production. Experiments revealed that when fathers-to-be ate low protein diets, ATF7 came loose and no longer bound to these genes. This in turn reduced a particular modification to histone proteins, with a net effect that these sperm-cell genes were turned on, rather than the normal situation of being turned off. “The most surprising and exciting discovery was that the epigenetic change induced by paternal low protein diet is maintained in mature sperm during spermatogenesis and transmitted to the next generation,” Ishii says.

Using a mouse model, this study helps explain the molecular details underlying the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease theory, and the kinds of nutritional conditions that could lead to lifestyle-related diseases in children, such as diabetes. In addition, it should now be possible to predict metabolic changes in the next generation by measuring epigenetic changes in the identified genes of paternal sperm cells. “We hope that people, especially those who have poor nutrition by choice, will pay more attention to their diet when planning for the next generation. Our results indicate that diets with more protein and less fat are healthier not just for everyone’s own body, but also for sperm and the health of potential children.”

###

父母的飲食會影響精子和後代的健康

新聞稿2020年3月19日

里肯

當父母吃低蛋白或高脂飲食時,可能導致成年後代代謝紊亂。現在,由RIKEN創業研究集群(CPR)的研究人員領導的國際團隊確定了一個關鍵角色,並確定了小鼠中這種現象的分子原因。

健康與疾病的發展起源是一門思想流派,其重點是當兒童成年後,諸如壓力和飲食等產前因素如何影響疾病的發展。實驗證據表明,影響父母的環境因素確實在重生其後代的健康中發揮了作用。特別是,已知父母的低蛋白飲食與孩子的代謝紊亂有關,例如糖尿病。

人們認為這種現像是通過表觀遺傳學來調節的。這是一種可遺傳的變化,即打開和關閉基因而實際上不改變個體的DNA。但是,直到現在,該過程的細節還是未知的。 RIKEN CPR的吉田敬介和石井俊介領導的小組在《分子細胞》雜誌上發表的研究在小鼠模型中解決了這個問題,並發現一種稱為ATF7的蛋白質對於世代效應至關重要。 ATF7是一種轉錄因子,意味著它可以調節基因的開啟和關閉時間。

研究人員以正常飲食或低蛋白飲食餵養雄性和雌性小鼠,然後使其交配。他們比較了兩種飲食下的雄性小鼠成年後代的基因表達-哪些基因被打開-發現肝臟中數百種基因的表達不同,其中許多基因參與膽固醇代謝。但是,當他們使用缺少一個ATF7基因拷貝的轉基因雄性小鼠時,其後代的基因表達與父母飲食正常的後代的表達沒有區別。

這一結果意味著雄性老鼠的飲食會影響未來兒童的健康。由於雄性小鼠不能影響懷孕雌性的後代,研究人員得出結論,最可能的情況是在受精前雄性精子發生了表觀遺傳變化,並且ATF7在此過程中起關鍵作用。

基於這種邏輯,研究小組在由ATF7控制的精子細胞中搜索並找到了基因,包括那些肝臟脂肪代謝和膽固醇生成的基因。實驗表明,當準父親食用低蛋白飲食時,ATF7變得鬆散,不再與這些基因結合。反過來,這減少了對組蛋白的特定修飾,產生的淨效果是這些精子細胞基因被打開,而不是正常情況下被關閉。石井說:“最令人驚訝和令人興奮的發現是,由父本低蛋白飲食誘導的表觀遺傳變化在生精過程中保持在成熟的精子中,並傳遞給下一代。”

利用小鼠模型,這項研究有助於解釋健康與疾病的發展起源理論的分子細節,以及可能導致兒童與生活方式有關的疾病(例如糖尿病)的營養狀況。此外,現在應該可以通過測量已鑑定的父本精細胞基因的表觀遺傳學變化來預測下一代的代謝變化。 “我們希望人們,尤其是那些營養不良的人們,在計劃下一代時會更加關注自己的飲食。我們的結果表明,蛋白質含量更高,脂肪更少的飲食不僅對每個人的身體都更健康,而且也為了精子和潛在孩子的健康。”

###

$$$ If you are interested in a writer or editor position, check out here.We are hiring. $$$

22