沉重的压力和生活方式可以预测我们的寿命 Heavy stress and lifestyle can predict how long we live

News Release 11-Mar-2020

National Institute for Health and Welfare

Life expectancy is influenced not only by the traditional lifestyle-related risk factors but also by factors related to a person’s quality of life, such as heavy stress. The biggest causes for shortened life expectancy for 30-year-old men are smoking and diabetes. Smoking takes 6.6 years and diabetes 6.5 years out of their life expectancy. Being under heavy stress shortens their life expectancy by 2.8 years.

These results are based on a study in which researchers from the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare calculated the effects of multiple risk factors, including lifestyle-related ones, to the life expectancy of men and women.

The study also revealed that a lack of exercise strongly reduced the life expectancy of 30-year-old men – by 2.4 years. On the other hand, things such as the consumption of plenty of fruits and vegetables could increase life expectancy: eating fruit by 1.4 years and eating vegetables by 0.9 years.

The same factors impacted the life expectancy of both men and women. For 30-year-old women, e.g. smoking shortened the life expectancy by 5.5 years, diabetes by 5.3 years, and heavy stress by 2.3 years.

The effects to the life expectancy of older people were similar but smaller than in younger age groups.

The golden middle seemed to have the most positive effect in some factors related to lifestyle. The experience of stress increased the life expectancy if the person felt the amount of stress they had was approximately the same as what other people typically experienced. Having more or less stress than that, on the other hand, reduced their life expectancy.

A new calculation method in use for a large group of risk factors for the first time

The study was based on data collected from men and women aged 25 to 74 in the Finnish National FINRISK Study 1987-2007 through questionnaires and measurements. The rate of mortality was followed until the end of 2014.

The researchers calculated the life expectancies by changing the values of each risk factor at a time and keeping the values of other factors constant. Only the BMI, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels were allowed to be changed when the values related to lifestyle factors were changed.

“Before, life expectancy has usually been assessed based on only a few sociodemographic background factor groups, such as age, sex, and education. In this study, we wanted to assess the impact of several different factors to a person’s life expectancy, so we could compare their effects,” says Research Manager Tommi Härkänen.

Differences between the life expectancies of men and women largely due to risk factors that can be changed

“What was interesting about the study was how small the difference in the life expectancy of 30-year men and women was based on the same risk factor values – only 1.6 years. According to the statistics from Statistics Finland, the difference between the sexes has been over five years for all 30-year-olds, which comes down to women having healthier lifestyles than men,” says Research Professor Seppo Koskinen.

In this study, the differences in the life expectancies of people with different levels of education were fairly small when the other risk factor values were the same. However, earlier studies have discovered large differences between the life expectancies of groups of people with different levels of education.

The lifestyle choices that increase mortality, such as smoking, heavy alcohol use, unhealthy diet, and lack of exercise, are most common in the population groups whose social position is the weakest.

The life expectancy of the whole population could be improved significantly through helping men and people with a lower level of education, in particular, make better lifestyle choices.

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新闻稿2020年3月11日
沉重的压力和生活方式可以预测我们的寿命

国立卫生福利研究所

预期寿命不仅受到与生活方式有关的传统风险因素的影响，而且还受到与人的生活质量有关的因素（例如重压力）的影响。导致30岁男性寿命缩短的最大原因是吸烟和糖尿病。吸烟使他们的预期寿命延长了6.6年，而糖尿病则缩短了6.5年。承受重压会使他们的预期寿命缩短2.8年。

这些结果是基于一项研究的，芬兰健康与福利研究所的研究人员计算了多种风险因素（包括与生活方式有关的因素）对男性和女性预期寿命的影响。

研究还表明，缺乏运动会大大降低30岁男性的预期寿命-2.4岁。另一方面，食用大量的水果和蔬菜等事物可以增加寿命：吃水果1.4年，吃蔬菜0.9年。

相同的因素影响了男人和女人的预期寿命。对于30岁的女性，例如吸烟使寿命缩短了5.5年，糖尿病使寿命缩短了5.3年，重度压力使寿命缩短了2.3年。

老年人对预期寿命的影响相似，但小于年轻人组。

在某些与生活方式有关的因素中，金色中间似乎具有最积极的作用。如果一个人感觉到自己承受的压力与其他人通常承受的压力大致相同，则经历压力可以增加预期寿命。另一方面，承受或多或少的压力会降低他们的预期寿命。

首次用于大量风险因素的新计算方法

该研究是基于1987-2007年芬兰国家FINRISK研究中从年龄在25至74岁之间的男性和女性通过问卷调查和测量得出的数据。死亡率一直追踪到2014年底。

研究人员通过一次更改每个风险因素的值并保持其他因素的值不变来计算预期寿命。当与生活方式因素相关的值发生变化时，仅允许BMI，血压和胆固醇水平发生变化。

“以前，通常仅根据少数几个社会人口统计学背景因素来评估预期寿命，例如年龄，性别和受教育程度。在这项研究中，我们希望评估几种不同因素对人的预期寿命的影响，因此我们可以比较它们的作用。”研究经理TommiHärkänen说。

男女预期寿命之间的差异主要是由于可以改变的危险因素

“这项研究有趣的是，基于相同的危险因素值-仅1.6岁，30岁男女的预期寿命差异有多小。根据芬兰统计局的统计数据，性别之间的差异为所有30岁的人都超过了5年，这归因于女性比男性拥有更健康的生活方式。”研究教授Seppo Koskinen说道。

在本研究中，当其他危险因素值相同时，受过不同教育程度的人们的预期寿命差异很小。但是，较早的研究发现，受过不同教育程度的人群的预期寿命之间存在很大差异。

在社会地位最弱的人群中，吸烟，大量饮酒，饮食不健康和缺乏运动等增加死亡率的生活方式选择最为普遍。

通过帮助受教育程度较低的男人和人们，特别是选择更好的生活方式，可以显着提高全体人口的预期寿命。

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