Foods fried in vegetable oil are popular worldwide, but research about the health effects of this cooking technique has been largely inconclusive and focused on healthy people. For the first time, UMass Amherst food scientists set out to examine the impact of frying oil consumption on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colon cancer, using animal models.

在植物油中煎炸的食物在全世界都很受欢迎，但关于这种烹饪技术对健康影响的研究在很大程度上是不确定的，并且只关注于健康人。 有史以来第一次，麻省大学阿默斯特食品科学家开始使用动物模型研究煎炸油食用对炎症性肠病（IBD）和结肠癌的影响。

In their paper published Aug. 23 in Cancer Prevention Research, lead author and Ph.D. student Jianan Zhang, associate professor Guodong Zhang, and professor and department head Eric Decker showed that feeding frying oil to mice exaggerated colonic inflammation, enhanced tumor growth and worsened gut leakage, spreading bacteria or toxic bacterial products into the bloodstream.

他们在8月23日发表于癌症预防研究的论文中，主要作者和博士生张建安，张国栋副教授，教授兼部门负责人埃里克德克尔表示，给小鼠喂油炸油会加剧结肠炎症，增加肿瘤生长，加剧肠道渗漏，将细菌或有毒细菌产物传播到血液中。

“People with colonic inflammation or colon cancer should be aware of this research,” says Jianan Zhang.

“结肠炎症或结肠癌患者应该了解这项研究，”张建安说。

Guodong Zhang, whose food science lab focuses on the discovery of new cellular targets in the treatment of colon cancer and how to reduce the risks of IBD, stresses that “it’s not our message that frying oil can cause cancer.”

张国栋的食品科学实验室专注于发现结肠癌治疗中的新细胞靶点，以及如何降低IBD的风险，他强调“煎炸油导致癌症，这不是我们的信息”。

Rather, the new research suggests that eating fried foods may exacerbate and advance conditions of the colon. “In the United States, many people have these diseases, but many of them may still eat fast food and fried food,” says Guodong Zhang. “If somebody has IBD or colon cancer and they eat this kind of food, there is a chance it will make the diseases more aggressive.”

相反，该研究表明，吃油炸食品可能会加剧和促进结肠病情。 “在美国，很多人患有这些疾病，但他们中的许多人仍可能吃快餐和油炸食品，”张国栋说。 “如果有人患有IBD或结肠癌并且他们吃这种食物，那么它有可能使这些疾病更具攻击性。”

For their experiments, the researchers used a real-world sample of canola oil, in which falafel had been cooked at 325 F in a standard commercial fryer at an eatery in Amherst, Massachusetts. “Canola oil is used widely in America for frying,” Jianan Zhang says.

在他们的实验中，这些研究人员使用了真实际常用的菜籽油，其中沙拉三明治在马萨诸塞州阿默斯特的一家餐馆的标准商用油炸锅中以325华氏度烹饪。 “油菜籽在美国广泛用于油炸，”张建安说。

Decker, an expert in lipid chemistry performed the analysis of the oil, which undergoes an array of chemical reactions during the frying process. He characterized the fatty acid profiles, the level of free fatty acids and the status of oxidation.

脂质化学专家德克尔对油进行了分析，油在油炸过程中经历了一系列化学反应。他描述了脂肪酸谱，游离脂肪酸水平和氧化状态。

A combination of the frying oil and fresh oil was added to the powder diet of one group of mice. The control group was fed the powder diet with only fresh oil mixed in. “We tried to mimic the human being’s diet,” Guodong Zhang says.

将煎炸油和新鲜油的组合添加到一组小鼠的粉末饮食中。对照组喂食粉末饮食，只加入新鲜油。“我们试图模仿人类的饮食，”郭国栋说。

Supported by grants from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the researchers looked at the effects of the diets on colonic inflammation, colon tumor growth and gut leakage, finding that the frying oil diet worsened all the conditions. “The tumors doubled in size from the control group to the study group,” Guodong Zhang says.

在美国农业部的资助下，研究人员研究了饮食对结肠炎症，结肠肿瘤生长和肠道渗漏的影响，发现煎炸饮食会使所有病症恶化。 “从对照组到研究组，肿瘤的大小增加了一倍，”郭国栋说。

To test their hypothesis that the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which occurs when the oil is heated, is instrumental in the inflammatory effects, the researchers isolated polar compounds from the frying oil and fed them to the mice. The results were “very similar” to those from the experiment in which the mice were fed frying oil, suggesting that the polar compounds mediated the inflammatory effects.

为了验证他们的假设，即当油被加热时发生的多不饱和脂肪酸的氧化有助于炎症效应，研究人员从油炸油中分离极性化合物并将其喂给小鼠。结果与小鼠喂食煎炸油的实验结果“非常相似”，表明极性化合物介导了炎症反应。

While more research is needed, the researchers hope a better understanding of the health impacts of frying oil will lead to dietary guidelines and public health policies.

“For individuals with or prone to inflammatory bowel disease,” Guodong Zhang says, “it’s probably a good idea to eat less fried food.”

虽然需要进行更多研究，但研究人员希望更好地了解煎炸油对健康的影响将导致饮食指南和公共卫生政策。

“对于患有或容易患有炎症性肠病的人，”郭国栋说，“少吃油炸食品可能是个好主意。”

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