空气污染与痴呆症和心血管疾病有关 Air pollution linked to dementia and cardiovascular disease

中文版谷歌中文翻譯(90% 準確率) | English translation
Buy/Sell Your Domains Here。在這裡購買/出售您的域名
Contact Dr. Lu for information about cancer treatments。聯繫盧博士,獲取有關癌症治療資訊。

News Release 30-Mar-2020

Karolinska Institutet

IMAGE
IMAGE: From left: Giulia Grande and Debora Rizzuto, study authors and researchers at Karolinska Institutet. view more  Credit: Stefan Zimmerman.

People continuously exposed to air pollution are at increased risk of dementia, especially if they also suffer from cardiovascular diseases, according to a study at Karolinska Institutet in Sweden published in the journal JAMA Neurology. Therefore, patients with cardiovascular diseases who live in polluted environments may require additional support from care providers to prevent dementia, according to the researchers.

The number of people living with dementia is projected to triple in the next 30 years. No curative treatment has been identified and the search for modifiable risk and protective factors remains a public health priority. Recent studies have linked both cardiovascular disease and air pollution to the development of dementia, but findings on the air pollution-link have been scarce and inconsistent.

In this study, the researchers examined the link between long-term exposure to air pollution and dementia and what role cardiovascular diseases play in that association. Almost 3,000 adults with an average age of 74 and living in the Kungsholmen district in central Stockholm were followed for up to 11 years. Of those, 364 people developed dementia. The annual average level of particulate matter 2.5 microns or less in width (PM2.5) are considered low compared to international standards.

“Interestingly, we were able to establish harmful effects on human health at levels below current air pollution standards,” says first author Giulia Grande, researcher at the Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society at Karolinska Institutet. “Our findings suggest air pollution does play a role in the development of dementia, and mainly through the intermediate step of cardiovascular disease and especially stroke.”

For the last five years of exposure, the risk of dementia increased by more than 50 percent per interquartile range (IQR) difference in mean PM2.5 levels and by 14 percent per IQR in nitrogen oxide. Earlier exposures seemed less important. Heart failure and ischemic heart disease both enhanced the dementia risk and stroke explained almost 50 percent of air pollution-related dementia cases, according to the researchers.

“Air pollution is an established risk factor for cardiovascular health and because CVD accelerates cognitive decline, we believe exposure to air pollution might negatively affect cognition indirectly,” says Giulia Grande. “In our study, virtually all of the association of air pollution with dementia seemed to be through the presence or the development of CVD, adding more reason to reduce emissions and optimize treatment of concurrent CVD and related risk factors, particularly for people living in the most polluted areas of our cities.

###

The study was funded by the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen, the Swedish Ministry of Health and Social Affairs, the Swedish Research Council, Karolinska Institutet’s funding for doctoral education and the Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare.

Publication: “The role of cardiovascular disease in the association of long-term exposure to air pollution and the risk of dementia,” Giulia Grande, Petter L.S. Ljungman, Kristina Eneroth, Tom Bellander, Debora Rizzuto, JAMA Neurology, online March 30, 2020, doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.4914

Read more articles on air pollution here.

空气污染与痴呆症和心血管疾病有关

瑞典Karolinska研究所发表在《 JAMA Neurology》杂志上的一项研究表明,持续暴露于空气污染中的人患痴呆症的风险增加,特别是如果他们还患有心血管疾病。因此,研究人员称,生活在污染环境中的心血管疾病患者可能需要护理人员的额外支持,以预防痴呆。

预计在未来30年中,患有痴呆症的人数将增加两倍。尚未找到治疗方法,寻找可改变的风险和保护因素仍然是公共卫生的重点。最近的研究已经将心血管疾病和空气污染与痴呆症的发展联系在一起,但是关于空气污染联系的研究却很少且不一致。

在这项研究中,研究人员研究了长期暴露于空气污染和痴呆症之间的联系,以及心血管疾病在这种联系中所起的作用。居住在斯德哥尔摩市中心Kungsholmen区的近3,000名平均年龄为74岁的成年人接受了长达11年的随访。其中,有364人患有痴呆症。与国际标准相比,年平均宽度在2.5微米或更小的颗粒物质(PM2.5)的水平较低。

“有趣的是,我们能够在低于当前空气污染标准的水平上对人类健康产生有害影响,”卡罗林斯卡研究所神经生物学,护理科学与社会学系的第一作者朱利亚·格兰德说。 “我们的研究结果表明,空气污染确实在痴呆症的发展中起作用,并且主要通过心血管疾病尤其是中风的中间阶段起作用。”

在最近五年的暴露中,痴呆症的风险在平均四分位数间距(IQR)差异中平均PM2.5水平增加了50%以上,在氮氧化物中增加了14%。早期曝光似乎不太重要。研究人员称,心力衰竭和缺血性心脏病均会增加痴呆症的风险,中风可解释约50%的与空气污染相关的痴呆症病例。

Giulia Grande说:“空气污染是确定心血管健康的危险因素,并且由于CVD会加速认知能力下降,因此我们认为接触空气污染可能会对认知产生间接影响。” “在我们的研究中,几乎所有的空气污染与痴呆症的联系似乎都是由于CVD的存在或发展所致,这增加了减少排放并优化并发CVD和相关危险因素治疗的更多理由,特别是对于居住在该地区的人们而言我们城市最受污染的地区。

$$$ If you are interested in a writer or editor position, check out here.We are hiring. $$$

24