5% cases of invasive cancer linked to poor diet 5%的侵袭性癌症与不良饮食有关

中文版谷歌中文翻譯(90% 準確率) | English translation
Buy/Sell Your Domains Here。在這裡購買/出售您的域名
Contact Dr. Lu for information about cancer treatments。聯繫盧博士,獲取有關癌症治療資訊。

Editor’s note: This can be utterly underestimated.  The problem is, what is the definition for a poor diet?  Your definition will influence the study outcome.  So 5% is not an absolute number.

New study estimates preventable cancer burden linked to poor diet in the US

Tufts University, Health Sciences Campus

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IMAGE: A new study estimates that 5.2 percent of new invasive cancer cases reported in 2015 are associated with poor diets. view more 

Credit: Nako Kobayashi/Tufts University

BOSTON (May 22, 2019, noon EDT)–A new modeling study estimates the number, proportion, and type of specific cancers associated with the under or overconsumption of foods and sugar-sweetened beverages among American adults. The analysis is one of the few to focus on the modifiable risk factors for cancer connected to food intake in the United States.

The study, published today in JNCI Cancer Spectrum, estimates that diet-related factors may account for 80,110 of the new invasive cancer cases reported in 2015, or 5.2 percent of that year’s total among U.S. adults. This is comparable to the cancer burden associated with alcohol, which is 4 to 6 percent. Excessive body weight, meanwhile, is associated with 7 to 8 percent of the cancer burden, and physical inactivity is associated with 2 to 3 percent.

“Our findings underscore the opportunity to reduce cancer burden and disparities in the United States by improving food intake,” said first and corresponding author Fang Fang Zhang, a cancer and nutrition researcher at the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts.

To estimate the cancer burden associated with suboptimal diet, the researchers utilized the risk estimates of diet and cancer relations based on meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies with limited evidence of bias from confounding, mostly from the World Cancer Research Fund International (WCRF) and the American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) Third Expert Report.

That report notes that there is convincing or probable evidence for low whole grain, low dairy, high processed meat, and high red meat consumption on colorectal cancer risk; low fruit and vegetable consumption on risk of cancer of the mouth, pharynx, and larynx; and high processed meat consumption on stomach cancer risk. The researchers also included sugar-sweetened beverages in the study due to known associations between obesity and 13 types of cancer.

The study’s main findings include:

  • Colorectal cancer had the highest proportion of diet-related cases, with 38.3 percent of all cases in 2015 associated with suboptimal diets. This was followed by cancer of the mouth, pharynx, and larynx, which the study linked to diet in 25.9 percent of all cases.
  • Low whole grain intake was associated with the largest number and proportion of new cancer cases, followed by low dairy intake, high processed meat intake, low vegetable and fruit intake, high red meat intake, and high intake of sugar-sweetened beverages.
  • The largest number of cancer cases associated with poor diet was for colorectal cancer (52,225). That was followed by cancer of the mouth, pharynx, and larynx (14,421), uterine cancer (3,165), breast cancer (post-menopausal) (3,059), kidney cancer (2,017), stomach cancer (1,564), and liver cancer (1,000).
  • Of the diet-associated cancer cases, approximately 16 percent were attributable to obesity-mediated pathways.
  • Men, middle-aged Americans (45-64 years), and some racial/ethnic groups (non-Hispanic blacks, Hispanics, and others) had the highest proportion of diet-associated cancer burden compared to other age, gender, or racial/ethnic groups.

The researchers estimated current intake for the seven dietary factors using data from two recent National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycles (2013-2014 and 2015-2016). The team linked intake data with cancer incidences in 2015 recorded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Program for Cancer Registries and the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program.

The team defined optimal dietary intake based on the dietary distributions associated with the lowest disease risk as assessed by the World Health Organization’s Global Burden of Disease (GBD) project. The researchers modified the GBD comparative risk assessment framework’s population-attributable fraction (PAF) equation to estimate the proportion of all cancer cases that can be attributed to suboptimal diet in each age, gender, and race/ethnicity stratum.

The researchers caution that self-reported dietary intake data is subject to measurement error. In addition, diet-cancer risk estimates may differ by sex, age, race/ethnicity and other modifiers. It was not possible to account for how the dietary factors might interact with each other when consumed together.

Food-PRICE initiative

This study is a part of the Food Policy Review and Intervention Cost-Effectiveness (Food-PRICE) research initiative, a National Institutes of Health-funded collaboration led by researchers at the Friedman School working to identify cost-effective nutrition strategies to improve population health in the United States.

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The senior author on the study is nutrition researcher and cardiologist, Dariush Mozaffarian, dean of the Friedman School at Tufts.

Additional authors on the study are Frederick Cudhea, Heesun Eom, Junxiu Liu, Mengxi Du, Lauren Lizewski and Parke Wilde at the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University; Zhilei Shan at the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Dominique Michaud and Mengyuan Ruan at Tufts University School of Medicine; Fumiaki Imamura at University of Cambridge; Colin D. Rehm at Albert Einstein College of Medicine and David Kim at Tufts Medical Center.

This work was supported by awards from the National Institutes of Health’s National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (R01MD011501) and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL115189). Additional support was provided by the United Kingdom Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit Core Support and an American Heart Association postdoctoral fellowship. The content of this announcement is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health or other funders. For conflicts of interest please see the study.

Zhang, F. F., Cudhea, F., Shan Z., Michaud, D., Imamura, F., Eom, H., Ruan, M., Rehm, C. D., Liu, J., Du, M., Kim, D., Lizewski, L., Wilde, P., & Mozaffarian, D. (2019). Preventable cancer burden associated with dietary intake in the United States. JNCI Cancer Spectrum. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djz079

A television studio located at the Friedman School on Tufts University’s Boston Health Sciences campus is available for live and recorded interviews with faculty and researchers. For more information, please contact Siobhan Gallagher at [email protected] or 617-636-6586.

About the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University

The Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University is the only independent school of nutrition in the United States. The school’s five divisions – which focus on questions relating to nutrition and chronic diseases, molecular nutrition, agriculture and sustainability, food security, humanitarian assistance, public health nutrition, and food policy and economics – are renowned for the application of scientific research to national and international policy.

编者注:这可以被完全低估。 问题是,不良饮食的定义是什么? 您的定义将影响研究结果。 所以5%不是绝对数字。

波士顿(2019年5月22日,美国东部时间中午) – 一项新的模型研究估计了与美国成年人食物和含糖饮料摄入不足或过度食用相关的特定癌症的数量,比例和类型。该分析是为数不多的关注美国与食物摄入相关的可改变癌症风险因素的分析之一。

这项研究发表于今天在JNCI癌症谱系中,估计饮食相关因素可能占2015年报告的新发侵袭性癌症病例中的80,110例,占美国成年人总数的5.2%。这与酒精相关的癌症负担相当,后者为4%至6%。与此同时,体重过重与癌症负担的7%至8%相关,而缺乏身体活动与2%至3%相关。

“我们的研究结果强调了通过改善食物摄入来减少美国癌症负担和差异的机会,”首先和通讯作者方芳章说,他是塔夫茨弗里德曼营养科学与政策学院的癌症和营养研究员。

为了估计与次优饮食相关的癌症负担,研究人员利用前瞻性队列研究的荟萃分析,利用混淆偏倚的有限证据,主要来自世界癌症研究基金会(WCRF)和美国癌症研究所(AICR)第三次专家报告。

该报告指出,有一个令人信服或可能的证据表明,全谷物,低乳制品,高加工肉类以及结直肠癌风险高的红肉消费;水果和蔬菜消费低,口腔,咽喉和喉癌的风险;和高加工肉类消费对胃癌的风险。由于肥胖与13种癌症之间的已知关联,研究人员还在研究中加入了含糖饮料。

该研究的主要发现包括:

结肠直肠癌的饮食相关病例比例最高,2015年所有病例的38.3%与次优饮食相关。其次是口腔癌,咽癌和喉癌,该研究与所有病例中25.9%的饮食有关。

全谷物摄入量低与新癌症病例数量和比例最高有关,其次是乳制品摄入量低,加工肉类摄入量高,蔬菜和水果摄入量低,红肉摄入量高,含糖饮料摄入量高。

与饮食不良相关的癌症病例数最多的是结直肠癌(52,225)。接着是口腔癌,咽癌和喉癌(14,421),子宫癌(3,165),乳腺癌(绝经后)(3,059),肾癌(2,017),胃癌(1,564)和肝癌( 1000)。

在与饮食相关的癌症病例中,大约16%可归因于肥胖介导的途径。

与其他年龄,性别或种族相比,男性,中年美国人(45-64岁)和一些种族/族裔群体(非西班牙裔黑人,西班牙裔和其他人)与饮食相关的癌症负担比例最高民族。

研究人员使用最近两次国家健康和营养检查调查周期(2013-2014和2015-2016)的数据估算了七种饮食因素的当前摄入量。该小组将吸入数据与2015年癌症发病率挂钩,由疾病控制和预防中心的国家癌症登记计划和国家癌症研究所的监测,流行病学和最终结果计划记录。

根据世界卫生组织的全球疾病负担(GBD)项目评估的与最低疾病风险相关的膳食分布,该团队确定了最佳膳食摄入量。研究人员修改了GBD比较风险评估框架的人口归因分数(PAF)方程,以估计所有癌症病例的比例,这些病例可归因于每个年龄,性别和种族/种族层次的次优饮食。

研究人员警告说,自我报告的饮食摄入量数据会受到测量误差的影响。此外,饮食 – 癌症风险评估可能因性别,年龄,种族/民族和其他修饰因素而异。在一起食用时,不可能考虑饮食因素如何相互作用。

该研究是食品政策审查和干预成本效益(食品 – PRICE)研究计划的一部分,由弗里德曼学院的研究人员领导的国家卫生研究院资助的合作,致力于确定具有成本效益的营养策略,以改善人口健康在美国。

 

 

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